Past Events (Present Perfect Tense)

 Past Events

In making an English sentence in the past, we will be confused as to what form of sentence to use, because if we talk about past event, so there are Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense.

The definitions of Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense:

Simple Past Tense is a tense that describe the activity that began and ended at the particular time in the past. (Simple Past Tense adalah tense yang menggambarkan kegiatan yang mulai dan berakhir pada waktu tertentu di waktu lampau)

Present Perfect Tense is a tense that describe the activity that have just happened in the past  (Present Perfect adalah tense yang menggambarkan kegiatan yang baru saja terjadi di waktu lampau).

In Present Perfect Tense there are also 3 important things that we have to know, they are:

1. Present Perfect Tense has function 

  •     to describe the action has started in the past and still continuing in present  
  •     to describe the action has started in the past but the effect is still continuing.
  •     to show that the action has happened repeatedly in the past
              Example: She has lived in Bekasi for sixteen years.
                               I have just finished my homework.
                               He has already read the book three times

2. Keterangan waktu atau Adverb of time in Present perfect Tense.

  • Already = sudah
  • Just  = baru saja
  • Recently/lately =  baru2 ini/akhir2 ini
  • Ever = pernah
  • Never = tidak pernah
  • For = selama  (keterangan waktu yang menunjukkan masa lalu hingga sekarang)
  • Since =sejak  (keterangan waktu yang menujukkan pertama kali kejadian atau kegiatan dimulai)

3. Present Perfect Tense has 3 Forms:

1. Verbal Present Perfect Tense (Kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja)

Rumus Verbal Present Perfect tense

   ( +)

Subject + Has/Have + V3 (past participle) + Complement (N/Adj/Adv)

   ( - )

Subject + Has/Have + not + V3 (past participle) + Complement (N/Adj/Adv)

   (? )

Has/Have + Subject + V3 (past participle) + Complement (N/Adj/Adv) ?

Example: (+) She has lived in Bekasi for sixteen years.

                (-)  She has not lived in Bekasi sixteen years

                (?) Has she lived in Bekasi for sixteen years ?

                     Yes, she has   or  No, she has not (hasn't)

Notes: Has    digunakan untuk  She, He, It

            Have  digunakan untuk  I. You, They, We

2.  Nominal Present Perfect Tense (Kalimat yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja) 

Rumus Nominal  Present Perfect tense

  (+)

Subject + Has/Have + been + Complement   (Noun /Adj/Adv)

  (-)

Subject + Has/Have + not + been + Complement  (Noun/Adj/Adv)

  (?)

Has/Have + Subject + been  + Complement (Noun/Adj/Adv) ?

Example : (+) They have been in Bali for 2 weeks

                  (-) They have not been in Bali for  2 weeks

                  (?) Have they been in Bali for 2 weeks ?

                        Yes, they have   or  No, they have not (haven't)

3.  5W/H question Present Perfect Tense

Rumus 5W/H question Present Perfect tense

   1.

5W/H + Has/Have + Subject + Complement   (Adj/Adv) ?

   2.

5W/H+ Has/Have + Subject + been + Complement  (Adj/Adv) ?

Example: 1.  How many books have you read since yesterday?

                2.  Where have you been for 3 days ?







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