Parts of Speech: Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, and Adverbs

 

Parts of Speech: Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, and Adverbs

                                                    By Ibu Yulianti

1.    Noun (Kata Benda)

Noun digunakan untuk menamai orang, benda, hewan, tempat, dan konsep abstrak. Part of speech ini antara lain countable dan uncountable noun, proper dan common noun, abstract dan concrete noun, dan collective noun.

 

 Noun

Contoh

countable noun (dapat dihitung)

book, car, foot, mountain, tree

uncountable noun (tidak dapat dihitung)

English, happiness, meat, milk, snow

common noun (umum)

country, desert, physicist

proper noun (spesifik)

Indonesia, Sahara, Albert Einstein

abstract noun (menyatakan ide, konsep, perasaan, keadaan, sifat, atau karakter)

idea, honesty, imagination, kindness, love

concrete noun (berupa material atau berwujud nyata)

cheese, desk, man, sugar, water

collective noun (nama kelompok atau kumpulan)

class, deer, couple, furniture, staff

Contoh Kalimat Noun:        

1.He just bought a car (count noun)

2. Mary decided to stop eating meat (uncount noun)

3. All I want is honesty  (abstract noun)


2. Verb (Kata Kerja)


Verb digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindakan dari subject, menunjukkan peristiwa, atau keadaan. 

Part of speech ini antara lain: transitive dan intransitive verb, regular dan irregular verb

.

 Verb

Contoh

transitive verb (diikuti direct object)

ask, buy, hit, make, show

intransitive verb (tidak diikuti direct object)

arrive, come, go, smile, wait

regular verb (mayoritas verb-2 dan verb-3 nya -d/-ed form)

accept, bake, decide, live, walk

irregular verb (verb-2 dan verb-3 didapat dengan berbagai cara)

bear, choose, feel, send, write

Contoh Kalimat Verb:

1.    She studies English every week

2.    We have watched the film


1.   3.  Adjective (Kata Sifat)


Adjective digunakan untuk menerangkan noun atau pronoun.

Merupakan sebuah kata digunakan untuk menjelaskan/menerangkan kualitas  sebuah benda atau kata benda. Adjectives juga biasanya diletakkan sebelum kata benda (noun).

Contoh Kalimat Adjective:

1        

Vina is a beautiful girl.
(Vina adalah gadis yang cantik.) menerangkan noun “girl”

2

I am not angry with you.
(Saya tidak marah padamu.) menerangkan pronoun “I”

 

 4.   Adverb (Kata Keterangan)

                                                                      

Adverb digunakan untuk menerangkan verb, adjective, maupun adverb lain.

Merupakan sebuah kata yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan/menerangkan kata kerja (verb), kata sifat (adjective), atau adverb yang lainnya. 

Adverb juga banyak ditandai dengan kata dalam bahasa inggris yang berakhiran dengan -ly.

Contoh Kalimat Adverb:                                                                                                            

1. They are listening the lesson carefully

    (Mereka mendengarkan pelajaran dengan teliti)

2. He studied hard for the final exam 
    (Dia belajar giat untuk ujian akhir)

3. I cannot run quickly.
    (Saya tidak bisa berlari dengan cepat)

Exercises

Read the following sentences and decide the word in the bracket belongs to noun, verb, adjective, or adverb

Example:

He can speak English (fluently).  ...(adverb).

1.   I bought an (expensive) book at the mall   (…………….)

2.   I will go to one of beautiful (islands) in Indonesia this month. (…….)

3.   I don’t (believe) him because he has lied to me for many times. (…..   )

4.   She drives very (carefully) because she has a traumatic car accident. (……)

5.   Learning (English) is very important for students.( ………)

6.   He is (smart), but is he professional?  (……………)

7.   If we run this program (well), we can get extra bonus from our boss.  (………..)

8.   You should (try) the new dish in the restaurant near my office.( …………)

9.   It is (nice) to meet you since we haven’t met each other for two. ( ………)

10.       I don’t know how to fix the (problem). (……………)


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