Conditional Sentences (Part 4)

 Conditional Sentences (Part 4)

                                                                            By Ibu Yulianti

Pengertian CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional Sentence (Kalimat Pengandaian)

adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk meng-andaikan sesuatu yang pada kenyataannya belum terjadi atau tidak terjadi, serta digunakan untuk mengungkapkan pengandaian yang pengandainnya tidak terjadi seperti apa yang diharapkan

Beberapa hal yang perlu diingat dalam kalimat pengandaian :

1. Kalimat pengandaian terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu induk kalimat (main clause) dan anak kalimat            (bentuk if clause).

     If I work hard, 1 will have a lot of money.

          If clause                 main clause

     (anak kalimat)            (induk kalimat)

2. Struktur kalimat pengandain (conditional sentence) dapat diubah-ubah.

3. Ketika induk kalimat berada di depan, maka tidak perlu menggunakan pemisah berupa tanda koma        (,) antara induk dan anak kalim

3        contoh:I will have a lot of money if I work hard.

4. 4. Ketika posisi anak kalimat berada di depan, maka tanda koma (,) digunakan untuk memisahkan induk    dan anak kalimat.

    contoh: If I work hard, I will have a lot of money.

Jenis-jenis Kalimat Pengandaian :

a. Kalimat pengandaian type 1                                                                           

                                                 Pola kalimat pengandaian tipe 1

If+ S + V1/ (s,es) (Simple Present) + S + will + V1(Present Future)
                                              atau

If+ S+ (is/am/are)  + adj /noun + S + will be + adj/noun

   Contoh :

  • If She works hard,    she will get a lot of money.  (possible she will get ...)
  • If I have a lot of money, I will buy an expensive car.  (possible I will buy ...)
  • If you are there, I will be happy. (possible I will be ...)

Penggunaan:

Kalimat pengandaian tipe1digunakan untuk mengandaikan sesuatu yang belum terjadi pada waktu sekarang dan memiliki kemungkinan untuk terjadi dalam waktu dekat. Kalimat semacam ini menjelaskan untuk menyatakan suatu pola sebab dan akibat.

b. Kalimat pengandaian type 2

                                                                             

     Pola kalimat pengandaian tipe 2

If + S + V2/(simple past) + S + would + V1/(past future)                                                                                                                atau

If + S + were + adj/noun + S + would be + adj/noun

     Contoh:

1. If l were you, I would accept that job offer.

     (Jika saya jadi kamu,saya akan menerima tawaran kerja itu)

     Fakta (fact): I am not you. (Saya bukan kamu)  (Present Tense)

2. If l got a high score in the final examination, my mother would give me a nice present.

   (Jika saya mendapat  nilai tinggi ujian akhir, ibu saya akan memberi saya hadiah yg bagus)

   Fakta(fact); I don’t get high score in the final examination.(saya tidak mendapat nilai tinggi)

                        (Present Tense0

Penggunaan:

Kalimat pengandaian tipe2 merupakan kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin terjadi atau yang bertentangan dengan kenyataan pada waktu sekarang. Kalimat dengan tipe ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu khayalan.

Fakta yang dari kalimat pengandaian tipe 2 adalah pada saat kalimat tersebut diujarkan apa yang diandaikan tidak terjadi.

Were digunakan baik oleh subjek tunggal maupun jamak. Namun, ada kalanya bentuk was digunakan pada subjek (I, he, she, it) ketika digunakan pada percakapan tidak formal.

  Misalnya : If I was you, I would accept that scholarship offer.

Kalimat pengandaian type 3



Pola kalimat pengandaian tipe 3

If+ S+ had + V3/(past perfect) + S + would have + V3/(past perfect )

                                               atau

 if+ S + had been + adj/noun + S + would have been + adj/noun

Contoh :

1.If I had read that book, I would have understood the theory well. 

   Fakta (Fact): I didn’t read that book. Therefore, I didn’t understand the theory well.

                           (Past Tense)

2.If I had prepared some snacks several hours ago, I would not have been hungry right now.

   Fakta (Fact): I did not prepare some snacks several hours ago, so I was hungry.

                          (Past tense)

Penggunaan:

Kalimat pengandaian tipe 3 adalah kalimat yang mengandaikan sesuatu yang sudah terjadi dan tidak terjadi di masa lalu. Tipe kalimat ini biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu penyesalan.

Fakta yang diungkapkan dalam kalimat pengandaian ini adalah bahwa apa yang diandaikan tidak pernah terjadi di masa yang lalu.

source:https://www.kuliahbahasainggris.com/penjelasan-rumus-conditional-sentence-type-123

Cara menentukan fakta (fact) pada kalimat conditional 2 dan 3

1.  Fina won the English speech contest, He would be very happy (type 2)

     Facts : Fina does not win the English Speech Contest (Present Tense)

2. If I were handsome, I would be very happy. (type 2)

    Facts  : I am not handsome. (Present Tense)

3. If the boys had taken the bus to school,they would have arrived on time.  (type 3)

    Facts : the boys did not take the bus to school and they were late (Past Tense)

4. If the weather had been nice, they would have played football.(type 3)
    Facts : the weather was not nice and they did not play football  (PastTense)


Exercises
Give the facts the sentences below and mention the type of conditional 
Example: 
 1. If Alex sold his old mobile, he would buy a new mp3 player.

        Fact: Alex does not sell his old mobile (type 2)

2. If You had loved me, I would have been married you.
     Fact; You did not love me. (type 3)


1. If you had studied harder, you would have passed the final exam

2.If you changed your money at a bank, you would save commission.

3. If Fina had known you were in Hospital, She would have visited you

4. If they were old enough, they could play in the school basketball team.

5. If her teacher marked the important sentences Maria could understand the text.





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